ABSTRACT
Introducción: La isquemia mesentérica aguda es la condición clínica que aparece cuando el flujo sanguíneo del territorio mesentérico resulta insuficiente para satisfacer los requerimientos del intestino. Objetivo: Caracterizar la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes con isquemia mesentérica aguda. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en el Servicio de cirugía del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" de Santa Clara, Villa Clara desde enero del 2016 hasta diciembre del 2020. La muestra quedó constituida por 119 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: De los 119 pacientes que presentaron isquemia mesentérica aguda, predominaron pacientes con factores de riesgo mayores de 65 años 97 (81,5 por ciento), femeninos 61 (51,3 por ciento), fumadores 52 (43,7 por ciento), con hipertensión arterial 84 (70,6 por ciento), cardiopatía isquémica 57 (47,9 por ciento), diabetes mellitus 31 (26,1 por ciento) y enfermedad arterial periférica 20 (16,8 por ciento). Predominó el tratamiento quirúrgico: la laparotomía exploratoria y cierre 55 (46,3 por ciento). Las complicaciones más frecuentes encontradas: el fallo múltiple de órganos 25 (25,7 por ciento) en los pacientes fallecidos. En los hallazgos necrológicos predominó la trombosis arterioesclerótica de la arteria mesentérica superior. Conclusiones: La isquemia mesentérica resulta frecuente en pacientes con factores de riesgo como son la edad mayor de 65 años, el sexo femenino, el hábito tóxico del tabaquismo y las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles tales como la hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus. El tratamiento más realizado es el quirúrgico (la laparotomía y el cierre). En la mayoría de las necropsias realizadas la trombosis de la arteria mesentérica superior es el mayor hallazgo en los informes necrológicos(AU)
Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia is the clinical condition that appears when the blood flow of the mesenteric area becomes insufficient to meet intestinal requirements. Objective: To characterize the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the surgery service of Arnaldo Milián Castro University Hospital of Santa Clara City, Villa Clara Province, Cuba, from January 2016 to December 2020. The sample consisted of 119 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 119 patients who presented acute mesenteric ischemia, patients with risk factors predominated: older than 65 years (97; 81.5 percent), female (61; 51.3 percent), smokers (52; 43.7 percent), with arterial hypertension (84; 70.6 percent), ischemic heart disease (57; 47.9 percent), diabetes mellitus (31; 26.1 percent), and peripheral arterial disease (20; 16.8 percent). Surgical management predominated: exploratory laparotomy and closure (55; 46.3 percent). The most frequent complications were multiple organ failure (25; 25.7 percent) in the deceased patients. Among the necropsy findings, arteriosclerotic thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery predominated. Conclusions: Mesenteric ischemia is frequent in patients with risk factors such as age over 65 years, the female sex, the toxic habit of smoking; as well as chronic noncommunicable diseases such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The most commonly performed procedure is surgery (laparotomy and closure). In most of the performed necropsies, thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery is the main finding according to the necrology reports(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Mesenteric Ischemia/complications , Laparotomy/methods , Multiple Organ Failure/mortality , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Abstract The purpose of this article is to report the case of a 53-year-old black man, with no previous comorbidities, who presented 48 days after a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, complaining of an initially insidious epigastric pain that had progressed to severe pain radiating to the interscapular vertebral region, with hyporexia and episodes of projectile vomiting, with no nausea or fever. Laboratory tests revealed no signs of acute infection or pancreatic injury. Abdominal computed tomography showed dilated, fluid-filled small bowel loops with thickened walls. After clinical treatment, the patient developed persistent abdominal pain. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding two sites of small bowel stenosis, with no extrinsic cause, and signs of local ischemia and considerable distension of jejunal and ileal loops. After enterectomy and side-to-side enteroanastomosis, the patient recovered satisfactorily and was discharged with a prescription for oral anticoagulants for outpatient use.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o caso de um homem de 53 anos de idade, negro, sem comorbidades prévias, com diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 há 48 dias anteriores ao início do quadro de dor epigástrica insidiosa, que evoluiu para dor de forte intensidade que irradiava para região interescapulovertebral, associada a hiporexia e episódios de vômitos em jato, sem náuseas ou febre. Os exames laboratoriais não apresentavam sinais de infecção aguda ou lesão pancreática. A tomografia computadorizada do abdome mostrou alças do intestino delgado dilatadas, cheias de líquido e com paredes espessas. Após terapia de suporte, o paciente evoluiu com dor abdominal persistente. Foi realizada laparotomia exploratória, na qual foram encontrados dois sítios de estenose no intestino delgado sem causa extrínseca, ao lado de sinais de isquemia local e distensão importante das alças jejunais e ileais. Após enterectomia e enteroanastomose primária látero-lateral, o paciente evoluiu de forma satisfatória e recebeu alta hospitalar com prescrição de anticoagulantes orais para uso ambulatorial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mesenteric Ischemia/complications , Mesenteric Ischemia/therapy , COVID-19/complications , Constriction, Pathologic , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnosis , Intestine, Small/physiopathology , Laparotomy , AnticoagulantsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Las várices del intestino delgado, usualmente, están relacionadas con hipertensión portal. Las várices ectópicas secundarias a trombosis crónica aislada de la vena mesentérica superior son muy infrecuentes. El sangrado digestivo secundario a éstas representa un reto diagnóstico, dada la baja prevalencia y sospecha clínica, y terapéutico por la escasa evidencia científica existente con respecto a las opciones de tratamiento. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 56 años, con sangrado digestivo secundario a várices yeyunales por trombosis crónica de la vena mesentérica superior, asociada a trombofilia; diagnosticadas mediante video cápsula endoscópica (VCE) y enterografía por tomografía (entero TC), sin posibilidades de manejo endoscópico ni radiológico dado el compromiso extenso, intervenido quirúrgicamente con éxito.
ABSTRACT Small bowel varices are usually associated with portal hypertension. Ectopic varices caused by isolated chronic superior mesenteric vein thrombosis are exceedingly rare. Gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to these represents a diagnostic challenge, given the low prevalence and clinical suspicion, and therapeutic dilemma due to the limited scientific evidence available regarding treatment options. We present the case of a 56-year-old man with gastrointestinal bleeding from jejunal varices due to chronic superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, associated with thrombophilia; diagnosed by video capsule endoscopic (VCE) and computed tomography enterography (CTE), with no possibility of endoscopic or radiological management given the extensive involvement, who underwent successful surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Varicose Veins/etiology , Mesenteric Ischemia/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Jejunum/blood supplyABSTRACT
La enterocolitis necrosante en adultos (ECNA) es una enfermedad de etiología incierta, muy infrecuente, con apenas casos descritos en la literatura y con elevada mortalidad. Existe una fuerte correlación entre eventos vasculares e infecciosos implicados en la patogenia de necrosis intestinal masiva en esta entidad.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in adults (ECNA) is a disease of uncertain etiology, very rare, with very few cases described in the literature and with high mortality. There is a strong correlation between vascular and infectious events involved in the pathogenesis of massive intestinal necrosis in this entity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology , Mesenteric Ischemia/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Fatal Outcome , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Hemoperitoneum/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Ischemic postconditioning is a method that shows evidence of efficacy in minimizing reperfusion injury; however, its effectiveness in preventing injuries in distant organs is still unknown, especially in those who have undergone mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ischemic postconditioning in preventing reperfusion injury in the liver of rats submitted to mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion, comparing two different methods of ischemic postconditioning. Methods: 30 Wistar male rats were used, distributed into three groups: Group A: Ten rats submitted to intestinal ischemia for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 60 minutes; Group B: Ten rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion; after ischemia, two cycles of reperfusion (two minutes each) interleaved with two cycles of ischemia (two minutes each); and Group C: Ten rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion; after ischemia, four cycles of reperfusion (30 seconds each) interspersed with four cycles of ischemia (30 seconds each). After the experiment, the left lobe of the liver was resected for subsequent histological analysis, using the following classification: grade 1 - centrilobular congestion; grade 2 - centrilobular congestion with some degeneration of hepatocytes in one or two central veins; and grade 3 - multifocal centrilobular congestion and degeneration of portal hepatocytes. Results: The mean degree of liver damage found was 1.8 in group A, 1.7 in group B and 1.3 in group C. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Ischemic postconditioning was unable to minimize reperfusion injury in rats undergoing mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion.